江西省冬季农业研究(专辑)中(英)文摘要

Study on the Winter Agriculture in Jangxi Province

中国江西省地处中亚热带,具有优越的自然资源条件,冬季光、热、水资源相当丰富,可种植紫云英、油菜、大小麦、蚕豌豆、马铃薯等多种冬作物,有利于发展冬季农业。然而,江西目前尚存在大量冬闲田,冬季资源未得到充分利用,冬作单产低、效益差,冬季农业已成为江西农业中的一个薄弱环节。为了开发江西冬季农业,探讨开发冬季农业的理论和技术,作者于1991-1993年对江西冬季农业进行了广泛调查和试验研究,结果表明: 1.江西冬生长季(11-4月)的光、温、水、劳力资源十分丰富,有利于大力发展冬季农业。2.江西冬季农业有很大的生产潜力亟待挖掘,如油菜和春粮的光温增产潜力可达500kg/亩,气候增产潜力可达300-350kg/亩。3.田间试验表明,发展冬季农业具有明显的生态效益、经济效益和社会效益。4.供试的12种复种方式中,大麦/玉米+大豆-晚稻、小麦/大豆+甘薯/玉米、马铃薯/玉米+大豆-晚稻、油菜/花生+玉米-荞麦+绿豆等4种冬种复种方式效益最佳,适宜在江西的水田和旱地上推广。5.根据预测,2000年江西冬种面积可达2870万亩,其中油菜1330万亩,春粮230万亩;油菜籽总产可达70万吨,春粮达15万吨。6.种植结构优化后,其综合效益比优化前提高20%,其中冬种面积比例,绿肥:油菜:春粮以3:4:3最佳。7.江西冬季农业可划分为5个类型区,即(Ⅰ)赣北冬季农业区、(Ⅱ)赣东冬季农业区、(Ⅲ)赣中冬季农业区(Ⅳ)赣西冬季农业区和(Ⅴ)赣南冬季农业区。8.本文还提出了由8个项目共47个指标组成的耕作制度综合评价指标体系。

Jiangxi Province is located in the mid-subtropical region of China, having rich natural resources in sunshine, temperature, and water conditions in the winter season, suitable for planting milkvetch, rapeseed, wheat, barley, broadbean, pea, and potato, so that the development of winter agricultural is favored. Howerver, in Jiangxi, a large area of winter fallow land still exists, winter agricultural resources have not been fully utilized, the yield per unit area is very low, winter agriculture becomes a weak link for the agricultural development in Jiangxi. Comprehensive investigations and experimental researches on winter agriculture of Jiangxi have been carried out from the year 1991 - 1993 to solve that problem. The results showed: 1. During the winter fanning season in Jiangxi (November to April), the natural and social resources as light, temperature, water, and labor are very abundant, favorable for the development of winter agriculture. 2. The big production potentiality of winter agriculture in Jiangxi Province should be exploited, for instance, the potential thermal -photo yield increase of rapeseed and spring grain crops could reach as high as 500kg per mu, the potential climatic yield increase of these crops could reach 300-350kg per mu. 3. Field experiment showed that prominent ecological, economic, and social effects could be expected form the development of winter farming. 4. Among the multi - cropping patterns in the experiment, the following four patterns produced best effects, they were: barley/corn + soybean - late rice; wheat/soybean + sweet potato / corn; potato / com + soybean-late rice; rapeseed / peanut + corn - buckwheat + mung bean. It is suitable to extend these patterns on the paddy and upland fields in Jiangxi. 5. It has been predicted that the area of winter farming in Jiangxi in 2000 could reach 28 700 000mu(l 913 333hm2),among which, 13 300000 mu(886667 hm2) for rapeseed;2 300 000 mu (153 333 hm2) for spring grains; the total output of rapeseed may achieve 700 000 tons; 150000 tons for spring grains. 6. The optimization of cropping structure showed that, the overall return increased by 20%, the optimal rato of cropping area was: 30% green manure: 40% rapeseed: 30% spring grains. 7. The winter agriculture of Jiangxi Province could be divided into 5 different regional patterns: (Ⅰ) Northern Jiangxi Winter Agricultural Region, (Ⅱ) Eastern Jiangxi Winter Agricultural Region, (Ⅲ) Central Jiangxi Winter Agricultural Region, (Ⅳ) Western Jiangxi Winter Agricultural Region, and (Ⅴ) Southern Jiangxi Winter Agricultural Region. 8. A comprehensive corpping system evaluation criteria system consisted of 8 items with 47 criteria has been proposed.