中国煤矿安全技术进展

SAFETY TECHNOLOGIES IN CHINA'S COAL MINES

本文综述了我国在防治矿井瓦斯,矿井火灾和煤矿粉尘三个方面的技术概况。反映了为适应煤炭生产技术的发展,我国在这三方面的技术进展及所取得的效果。矿井瓦斯防治技术方面,主要介绍了矿井瓦斯涌出量的确定,瓦斯抽放工艺及装备,煤与瓦斯突出预测预报和综合防止煤与瓦斯突出技术的情况及成果。矿井火灾防治技术方面,着重介绍了矿井火灾预测预报技术,尤其是煤炭自燃发火早期预测预报技术以及煤矿自然发火防治技术中在灌浆代用材料,惰气防灭火等方面的发展及现状。煤矿粉尘防治技术方面,扼要介绍控制粉尘危险的基本途径,以防尘为中心包括降尘、除尘和防止煤尘爆炸及爆炸传播技术的一整套治理煤矿粉尘的工艺及装备,简要介绍了瓦斯煤尘爆炸的实验能力。通过本文的介绍,可以对我国在防治煤矿安全生产中主要自然灾害的技术对策和取得的成果有一个较全面的了解。

This paper summarizes the technologies for prevention and control of mine gases, fires and dusts in China, presenting the technical progress and achieved results in the process of improving coal production techniques in our country. In the prevention and control of mine gases, it mainly describes the determination of outburst gas volume, gas drainage technology and equipment, prediction of coal and gas outbursts, comprehensive techniques to prevent coal and gas outbursts as well as the results obtained. In the prevention and control of mine fires, it emphatically introduces the development and current status of mine fire detection and prediction, especially the early detection of coal spontaneous combustion, prevention and control techniques against spontaneous combustion in coal mines such as substitute materials for grouting and inert gases for fire fighting. As for the prevention and control of mine dust, it gives a brief description of the basic ways to control dust hazard, the technology and equipment for mine dust control incluling the dust prevention, suppression, removal, and the prevention of coal dust explosion and its propagation. It also briefly introduces the test capability of gas and coal dust explosions in China. From this paper, you can get a general information on the technical countermeasures to combat the main natural disasters in coal mines and the results obtained in China.