江苏省亚洲棉品种的演变与展望

Evolution and Prospect of Asiatic Cotton ( G. arbor eum L. )Cultivars in Jiangsu Province

亚洲棉为我省生产上应用历史最久的一个栽培种。初步统计推广面积较大和具有其特色的地方品种80多个,育成品种10余个。至1958年才被陆地棉所取代。 近代对亚洲棉的研究和品种改良,对今后的利用大有裨益,但为了今后更好的应用,此项工作尚待加强。亚洲棉因其具有早熟、稳产、抗逆性强和纤维强度高等优良性能,将在今后基因工程和分子生物学领域中,发挥潜能。

Asiatic cotton ( G. arboreum L. )has been cultivated in Jiangsu for a long period in history ,and its varietal improvement in Jiangsu began earliest in China. A large number of G. arboreum cultivars have been planted in Jiangsu. Among them,more than 80 indigenous ones and about 10 improved ones having been planted widely or possessing certain special traits are now preserved as germplasm resources,which may be a valuable contribution to the Asiatic cotton gene pool of the world. G. hirsutum cultivars did not completely take the place of G. arboreum in Jiangsu until 1958. Despite the disappearance of G. arboreum from commercial production in Jiangsu,it deserves more attention for its use in cotton breeding and genetic engineering in view of its desirable characters including earliness, stable yield, resistance to adversities and higher fiber strength.