江苏陆地棉品种的改良进程与展望

Upland cotton Improvement in Jiangsu and its Outlook

我省种植陆地棉巳逾百年,南京在本世纪初期即为我国棉业改良中心。 从生产力发展而言,近代棉花品种改良的进步,实质上就是以陆地棉(G.hirsutum L.)品种逐步更换历史上广为栽培的亚洲棉(G.arboreum L.)品种的进程,这是历史的必然选择。 我省陆地棉引入与改良,共分四个阶段。国内外引入和自育品种共30多个,近半数品种成为不同时期、不同地区的主体品种。引种上如:脱字棉、爱字棉、斯字棉、德字棉和岱字棉;自育品种如:徐州209、徐州1818、徐州142、南通棉5号、泗棉2号、盐棉48和苏棉2号等等,在生产上均发挥其巨大效益。目前自育品种在产量和抗性上已达国际先进水平,纤维品质也上升到国际中等水准,这些品种其共同特点是具有较为协调的综合高产性能。 近期育种目标应寓抗于高和寓优于高,选育适应我省棉花生产特点的麦棉套栽和麦后大苗移栽的‘两栖’品种。

Upland cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum ) has been grown in Jiangsu, China for more than a century. Since the early 1900s,Nanjing,Jiangsu has been a center of Upland cotton improvement in China. The course of cotton improvement in modern China is essentially the course of gradual replacement of Asiatic cotton ( G. arboreum ),which had been widely grown in history,by Upland cotton. The introduction and improvement of Upland cotton in Jiangsu is divided into four stages. There have been more than 30 Upland cotton cultivars introduced from abroad or bred in the province,of which about a half have predominated in some areas and some periods. The introduced cultivars include Trice, Acala,Stoneville, Delfos and Deltapine; the Jiangsu bred ones include Xuzhou 209,Xuzhou 1818,Xuzhou 142,Nantongmian 5,Simian 2,Yanmian 48 and Sumian 2. The Jiangsu bred cultivars have reached the advanced world level of productivity and resistance to main diseases and the middle level of fiber qualities. The present targets of cotton breeding are to combine high productivity with resistance to main diseases and high fiber qualities,and to develop so-called'amphibious'cotton cultivars suitable to be transplanted between wheat (or barley) rows as well as after the harvest of wheat (or barley).