综合三球温作为热环境评价指标的研究

Comprehensive Evaluation of the Hot Working Environment

本文报告了用综合三球温度对高温强辐射作业(如轧钢)和高温高湿作业(漂染)环境进行评价。并对钢厂257名(1030人次)和印染厂24各(180人次)作业工人劳动前、后,测定了口温、脉率、出汗状况,询问热感和不适感。对8名健康男性,在人工气候室(相对湿度80％、气温26～31℃条件下)从事中等强度劳动进行了验证。结果:在上述三种环境中,各项生理指标均随干球温度的升高而变化,与综合三球温呈非常显著正相关(P<0.001)。热环境工作地点综合温度的上限值:夏季室外通风计算温度低于30℃的地区为28～31℃,超过30℃的地区为29～31℃。

Presented in this paper is a report of the evaluation of hotworking environments with high humidity or high radiation (e.g.steel-rolling,melting,heating-furnance,printing and dyeing mill and a climatic chamber) by means of an integrated thermometer-a three-bulb thermometer.Some physiological functions such as pulse rate,oral temperature,and volume of sweating were determined and the complaints,especially 'hot' and 'uncomfortable' feelings of exposed workers (257 workers for 1030 person-times,24 workers for 180 person-times and 8 healthy male-subjects for 24 person-times) were also inquired about.All the functions or complaints changed with the increase in air temperature and heat radiation and were positively correlated with the integrated thermometer indices.The maximum acceptable values of integrated temperature were suggested with regard to work intensity,subjective feelings and designed outdoor temperature in summer.In the areas where the designed outdoor temperature is lower than 30℃ the maximum acceptable values of integrated temperature (Ti-mav) range from 28℃ to 30℃ with increase in work intensity.When the designed outdoor temperature is higher than 30℃,the Ti-mav range from 29℃ to 32℃.