山地次生林鸟类集团结构及关系的研究

ON THE GUILD STRUCTURE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP OF SECONDARY FOREST BIRD COMMUNITY

本文是1986年5—7月和1987年5—7月在黑龙江省依兰县先锋林场对山地次生阔叶林鸟类观察整理而成的。在20ha的样地内,对21种鸟类进行了8756次观察,主要记录其取食方式、取食位置、取食基质和取食高度等四个取食类型的22个变量。将观察结果变换21×22的矩阵,在Casio-PB700微机上进行主分量分析和聚类分析。主分量分析表明,取食方式和取食位置是构成山地次生林鸟类群落集团最重要的因素,它们二者在群落中的生态位宽度和生态位重叠居各取食类型中最小,因而也是群落中两个分离最大的因素。聚类分析将21种鸟划分成5个取食集团。东北地区鸟类群落有明显的季节性,年与年之间资源波动,使特化者和泛化者处于不同的优势水平。取食类型的分离,分割了这一地区的资源,使竞争减至最小。群落不是由于竞争而存在,而是由于对资源的分割而共存的。

From May to July in 1986, 1987, we studied secondary forest bird community in Yilan of Heilongjiang Province. Bird community of the forest consists of 21 speeies of birds. Based on the foraging behavior patterns determined by the foraging method, foraging substrate, foraging position and foraging height of the birds foraging, this bird community is distinguished into five guild using cluster analysis and principal components analysis. In cluster analysis, species birds were divided into 5 guild:(1). gleaner in upper stratum of tree crown;(2). gleaner in lower statum of tree crown; (3). sallyer in Upper stratum of tree; (4). gleaner in ground;(5). trunk gleaner. The foraging behavior patterns of guild members are very similar, it is appropriate to study competive interactions resource partitioning within a guild framework.The comparison on foraging behavior of upper and lower guild indicated that was a relative generalizational guild. Its niche breadth and overlap on all foraging category were larger, and trunk gleaner were relative specializational guild. These guild foraging were limited in specific site. This study showed that key factor is interspecific resource utilization On organization of bird community in this environment, This community pattern indicated that resouce utilization and partition pattern.