棉花三系配套的研究

Studies on forming on Complet Set of "Three Lines" in Cotton

利用棉花杂种优势,是提高产量和改进纤维品质的有效途径。推广杂种棉的关键措施是进行三系配套,实行不育化制种。我们于1985年以哈型雄性不育材料为不育“源”,以北疆推广品种“新陆早一号”和“66—241”为回交亲本,进行回交转育。经过三年的回交和定向选择,现已基本育成不育性稳定的,农艺性状接近回交亲本的四个新的雄性不育系。1987年,开始了恢复系的转育工作,并取得一定的研究结果。同时对不育系的自然授粉也进行了初步的研究,发现不育系对野蜂有某种吸引力,因而有较高的单株成铃数;这对制种工作是十分有利的。

Utilization of heferasis in Caffon is a good wag to increase the lint yield and to improve the fiber qualities. The key to utilization af heferosis in Cot-ban is to solve the question of Production of hybrid Cottanseeds, that is to Seek a feasible meteod of production of hybrid Cottan seeds, whieh Can redu-ce Praduetion Cost. The forming of a Camplet set af 'three lines' may be the sest way to solve this Problem. In 1985, we made the Harknessii type male-sterile line as a 'Source' of breeding new male-sterile lines, and selection the north Xinjiang Cotton Cultivors 'Xin-lu-Zao No. 1' and '66-241' as backcross Parents (Pollen parents) . The bhckcross transfer were made. Through three generations transfer of genome and Continuous selection with arientatian, four new stable male-sterile lines, which agronomic chracters like the backcross parent, were basically made. In 1987, the study on treeding restorer lines was began wnd obtained a Certain result. At same time, the investigation of natural Pallination of male -sterile line was began. The Preliminary result indicated that Cotton plants of male-sterile lines have some affraction to wildbees to visit its flowers, so it can bear many bolls with seeds per plant. This feature is very beneficial to production of hybrid Cottonseeds.