高山型地区血吸虫病传染源分布特点的研究

STUDIES ON DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF INFECTION SOURCES OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS IN MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS

在云南省巍山县中和村调查研究了大山区血吸虫病传染源分布的特点,结果发现有牛、猪、犬、驴、马、骡及羊7种家畜的粪检阳性率,依次为17.25％、 13.21％、8.22％、4.27％、 3.36％、3.22％、1.15％。犬、羊、骡、牛、猪、驴的EPG分别为9.60、4.00、 2.14、1.82、1.08、 0.26。野鼠的感染率为1.36％,EPG为1.42;野鼠的相对密度为9.3％。麂、玉棉羚等均未见阳性。居民平均粪检阳性率为25.34％;女性（30.13％）显著高于男性（20.37％）;平均EPG为15.8。牛和人的日排印量占总目排卵量的93.71％,显示牛和人,特别牛是当地主要的传染源。 有23.90％的病人和22.3％的病牛在计数时没有发现虫卵,显示大山区血吸虫病感染率较高,但感染度较低。在同一水系各居民点的居民粪检性阳率有随海拔高程下降而增高的趋势。血吸虫病人有家庭聚集现象。

For studying the distribition characteristics of schistosomiasis host in mountainous regions, 2499 domestic animals and 1985 habitants were investigated in Zhonghe Township, Weishan County, Yunnan Province. The results showed that 8 kinds of animals hosts were positive with stool hatching technique. The infection rates of cow, pig, dog, donkey, horse, mule, goat and rat were 17.25%, 13.21%, 8.22%, 4.27%, 3.36%, 3.22%, 1.15%, and 1.30% respectively. The intensity of infection (EPG) of dog, goat, mule, cow, pig, donkey and rat were 9.60, 4.00, 2.14, 1.82, 1.08, 0.26, 1.42 respectively. Stool positive rate of habitants was 25.34% with 15.8 eggs/g of feces. Stool positive rate of woman (30.13%) was significantly higher than man (20.37%). The estimated daily output of eggs of cow and human make up 93.71% of total. Thus cow and human play important role in the transmission. In about 23.90% of human cases and 22.3% of positive cows, no eggs could be found in the slides examined by Kato-katz technique, so in this region, there was a high infection rate with a low intensity. It seems that along a river system the infection rate of human became higher when their inhabitance above sea level was lower, and there is household aggregation in schistosomiasis.