我国石油地球物理勘探技术现状与展望

Status quo and future of China's oil geophysical exploration technique,

由野外数据采集、数据处理、资料解释、装备制造和教育培训等五个方面的大量数据表明,我国已建成了一支工种比较齐全、装备比较先进、技术能力较强的地球物理勘探队伍。针对我国东西部地区地震地质条件复杂的特点,在物探技术上要解决的主要问题是:①原始信噪比很低;②静校正问题严重;③成像不准;④分辨率不高;⑤在陆相砂泥岩层中如何识别岩性。为此,近年来在技术上采取了一系列措施,如:①大幅度提高地震勘探的覆盖次数;②研制了一套野外静校正技术,能适应不同地形和表层结构的地区;③开展和研制了一批新的应用软件;④全面推广和改善三维地震技术;⑤综合利用地质、测井及其它非地震信息;⑥应用人机联作解释工作站;⑦发挥非地震勘探方法的作用。通过以上技术措施,使我国的物探工作解决复杂地质问题的能力大大增强。文章最后,展望了我国在“八·五”期间物探技术发展的方向和目标。

The statistics of field data acquisition,data processing,data inter- pretation,equipment manufacture,education and training demonstrate that China has a versatile geophysical exploration contingent which covers all necessary technical fields and has advanced equipments. In view of the complicated seismic and geological conditions in east and west parts of China,we must solve the following tough problems in geophysical exploration:very low primary signal-noise ratio,terrible static moveout,poor image,low seismic resolution and difficult identification of lithology in continental-facies sandstone and shale series,To solve these problems,we have recently taken the following measures: ·using high seismic multiplicity, ·developing the necessary field static correction techniques which are suitable to different terrain and various surface layer conditions, ·developing new application softwares, ·wide use of improved 3-D seismic techniques, ·comprehensive use of geological material,logging data and other non-seismic informations, ·applying interactive interpretation work station, ·bringing the non-seismic exploration methods into play. These effective measures greatly enhance the ability for China's geophysical exploration to ascertain complex geologic structure. Finally,the paper looks into the future of China's oil geophysical exploration in the 8th national five-year plan period.