花铃期缺水对棉花产量和品质的影响

Effects of Water Deficiency on Yield Quality of Cotton During Flowering and Fruiting Periods

1986～1989年在大田和盆栽条件下研究了花铃期缺水对棉花产量和品质的影响。结果表明,整个花铃期缺水对棉株生长发育、生理代谢、干物质积累和分配以及产量和品质等均有不良影响。但盛花期缺水对其影响最大;初花期轻度缺水,能适当控制营养生长,减少用水量,对籽棉产量无不利影响,但此期严重缺水时会明显抑制营养生长,造成减产。干旱引起减产主要是由于单株铃数的减少,而平均铃重和衣分率对其影响较小,干旱条件下衣分率反而有提高的趋势。干旱对种子发育的影响大于对纤维发育的影响。对其它品质指标的影响较小。

Water deficiency during the whole flowering and fruiting periods had some orpo effects on cotton yield and fiber quality. The effect was the most significant in the pea kperiod of flowering period,. Slight water stress in the first flowering period can properly control vegetative growth. Reduction of wate ruse had no impact on seed cotton yields. However,severe water stress in this period can inhibit vegetative growth, thus, resulting a yield reduction. Yield reduction causced by water stress is mainly due to the decrease in cotton bolls per plant. The effects of average boll weight and lint rate on yield were slight, and there wsi; also a tendency of increasing lint rate under water stress. The effect of water stress on seed development was larger than that on fiber. Water stress in the early flowering period chiefly affected seed formation, but in the late flowering period seed full development. The fibers harvested from water stressed plants were shorter and stornger with better mature index, but had lower values of fineness and broken lenght than that in control plants. Water stress had a se-erev effect on lint lenght but little effect on other qualitative characters of fibers.