休谟、斯密论政治权威与政治义务

Hume and Smith's Thoughts on Political Authority and Political Obligation

目前,学界在对大卫.休谟尤其是对亚当.斯密的政治思想研讨中,往往将视角集中于自由、权利、民主等理论范式上,不同程度上忽视了权威、义务、责任等价值理念。实际上,无论是休谟还是斯密都曾对这两组思想理念进行过整全性的思考与探究,即他们的理论充分凸显了在自由民主宪政政体制下政治权威与政治义务的重要性。他们批判了契约论者关于政治权威基于"自愿同意"、政治义务基于"承诺"的观点,将政治权威的合法性建立在"权能原则"与"实利原则"的基础上,并在"交互义务"的前提下强调公民对公共权力的认同感、责任感与忠诚感。

Discussions of David Hume＇s political thoughts, especially those of Adam Smith, tend to focus on freedom, right and democracy, but overlook authority, obligation and responsibility to some extent. In fact, not only Hume but also Smith had made comprehensive study of the latter and brought about enlightenment and inspiration to our ideological system. That is to say, with respect to the liberal, democratic and constitutional system, they highlighted the importance of political authority and political obligation, and elaborated extensively on the two groups of thoughts and concepts. They criticized the contract theorists＇ viewpoints that political authority was originated voluntarily and political obligation from promise. Therefore, they regarded the legitimacy of political authority as ＂ rights principle＂ and ＂utilitarian principle＂, and emphasized that citizens should have self-identity, responsibility and loyalty towards their public power under the premise of ＂mutual obligation＂.