生态环境视阈下马克思的生产力发展观——西方学界的诘难与辩护

Marx's View of the Development of Productive Forces in the Visual Threshold of Ecological Environment——Criticism and Defense in the West

针对西方学界从生态环境角度对马克思有关发展生产力理论——赞扬资本主义技术进步、"控制自然"观念、共产主义设想的诘难,当代英美生态马克思主义者休斯等进行了辩护。他们认为,由于马克思关注增加人类福利的技术,其所主张的生产力发展的削弱性和能动性效应与生态环境的破坏没有必然联系;马克思使用"普罗米修斯"、"农村生活的愚昧状态"、"自然力的征服"等语句,所要表达的是为重获自由而进行革命及修复城乡分离造成的人与自然代谢断裂的思想,并肯定自然对创造财富的意义;马克思设想共产主义自由时间的增加、财富的增长、劳动成本的降低都富有生态意蕴。这对我们认识马克思生产力发展观的生态意蕴及我国的生态文明建设具有重要意义。

From the perspective of the ecological environment, western scholars challenged the praise of the technological progress of capitalism, ＂control nature＂ concept, and communism in Marxist theories on the development of productive forces. Contemporary Anglo-American Eco-Marxist Hughes, Burkett, Foster defend Marx＇s theories from different angles. They believe that undermining and enabling effects of the development of productive forces are not necessarily linked to environmental damages, as Marx is concerned with human welfare and needs. By the employment of terms and phrases like ＂Prometheus＂, ＂ idiocy of rural life＂, ＂ the forces of nature conquest and others, Marx aims at overcoming the metabolism separation between human and nature caused by the gaps between urban and rural areas, and affirms the significance of natural wealth. Marxist＇s visions of increased free time, wealth growth, reduction of labor costs in communism have rich ecological implications. Their defense is important to our view of Marx＇s ecological implications of the development of productive forces and construction of ecological civilization in China.