“统一科学观”的实践哲学基础——对马克思关于自然科学和人的科学统一的再思考

The Basis of the Practical Philosophy of "One Science"——Revisit Marx's Unification of Natural Science and Human Science

马克思对西方传统哲学关于自然科学和人的科学相互分离的认识进行了实践批判,矛头直指其对自然科学"唯心主义方向"的抽象解释和人的科学的空洞化理论建构,并力图将二者融入社会历史实践。不仅如此,马克思认为西方传统哲学始终未能触及作为自然科学和人的科学共同基础的感性的实践活动,同样无法深入探讨自然科学和人的科学相互分离的"感性活动的异化"的根源,因此,马克思强调诉诸社会历史的感性的实践活动来扬弃现实的异化,消除自然科学和人的科学的二分现状。在此基础上,马克思提出了建立未来"统一科学观"的可能性。

Marx made a practical critique of traditional western philosophy which acknowledged the separation of natural science from human science, denounced the idealist explanation of natural science and theoretical construction of human nature, and endeavored to put them into the true reality of history practice. Moreover, Marx further indicated that theoretical attitude of traditional western philosophy could not explain the common grounds for perceptual practical activities of natural science and human science, and expounded that the reason of ＂alienation of perceptual activities＂ had caused the separation of natural science and human science from each other. Therefore, Marx emphasized that the practice of social history sublated the alienation of reality and the deconstruction of the dichotomy status of natural science and human science. On this basis, Marx proposed the possibility of ＂One Science＂ in the future.