矮生桃若干性状遗传研究

Inberitance of Some Qualitative Traits in Dwarf Peach

结合矮生桃育种实践,对其亲本、杂种F_1、F_2代之树性、肉色、花型的遗传动态进行了系统分析,进一步证实这3个性状各由一对等位基因控制,其中乔生型对矮生型、白肉桃对黄肉桃、小花型对大花型均呈完全显性;这三对等位基因分别呈独立遗传,无互作效应。根据遗传系谱,推断寿星桃基因型为dwdwYyshsh,可利用其肉色异质性(Yy),选育适宜加工或鲜食的矮生黄桃新品种。

Based on the practice of dwarf peach breeding, this study systematically analysed the inberitance of tree habit,flesh colour,and flower type in the parents,F_1 and F_2 hybrids. The male parent Shouxing Tao ( Prunus persica var. densa Mak. ) , a dwarf tree type with white flesh and showy flowers and the female parent Qiukui,a new peach variety with normal tree,yellow flesh and, non-showy flowers,were crossed in 1977,and 17 F_1 hybrid plants were obtained. Sib-mating was carried out between 2 excellent F_1 individuals (77-24-2,77-24-6) in 1983,and 216 plants of 2 cross combinations (83-31,83-32) resulted. According to their genetic mode, tree habit, flesh colour and flower types were further proved to be each controlled by a pair of alleles,with the normal tree being completely dominant to the dwarf tree (Table 1), white flesh to yellow flesh (Table 3) and non-showy flower to showy flower (Table 4). These alleles appeared to follow the law of independent assortment, without linkage or interaction among them. Deduced from the pedigree,the genotypes of Shouxing Tao, Qiukui, 77-24-2 and 77-24-6 should be dwdwYyshsh , DwDwyyShsh, Dwd-wYyShsh, DwdwYyshsh respectively, and new yellow dwarf peach vareties for canning or dessert could be selected from F_2 hybrids of Shouxing Tao with heterozygous flesh colour (Yy). There were remarkable differences in diameter of trunk,height of trunk ,diameter of canopy,length of shoot and length of internodes between the normal and dwarf types (Table 2). The electropherogram patterns of water-soluble proteins in petioles, calyx tubes and petals differed between normal and dwarf types (Fig. l);white and yellow flesh (Fig. 2,Fig. 3);nonshowy flower and showy flowers (Fig. 3).