从外部空间到外部思想——福柯对于主体的解构策略之一

From the Outer Space to the Thought of the Outside:One of Foucault's Strategies for Deconstruction of the Subject

福柯对于空间问题的关注,主要表现在他对知识与权力的批判中。在其早期作品中,福柯发现空间其实已经成为权力与规训的场所;而自我也早已被隐匿——于是,主体需要被批判,也需要被解构。故而,基于解构主体的考虑,福柯向"外部"寻找批判的力量。经由尼采、巴塔耶,福柯发现了"异质空间",也发现了作为文学的"外部";而布朗肖更是给予了福柯以极大的启发——福柯称其思想为"外界思想"。然而,福柯的著作表明,其实他也是这种"外边的思想"的代表。可以说,经由文学和语言的探索,福柯发现了"外界思想";而这种思想也是福柯主体解构的策略之一。

Michel Foucault＇ s attention to the space is chiefly reflected in his criticism of knowledge and power. In his early works, Foucault found that the space had already turned into a site of power and discipline, and the ego had been concealed. Thus the subject needed to be criticized and deconstrncted. In order, then, to deconstruct the subject, he started to look for the strength of criticism from the Outside. He discovered the ＂Heterotopia＂ as well the ＂Outside＂ as literature, via Fredirich Nietzsche （1844 -1900） and Georges Bataille （1897 -1962）. And the greatest inspiration came from Maurice Blanchot, whose thought was regarded by Foucault as that of the Outside. But Foucauh＇ s works show that he is another representative of this ＂Outside＂ thought. It is, therefore, safe to conclude that Foucault discovered the ＂thought of the Outside＂ through his literary and linguistic explorations, and that the thought itself became one of his strategies for deconstruction of the subject.