2006-2010年安顺市突发公共卫生事件流行病学分析

Epidemiological Analysis of Emergent Public Health Events in Anshun City from 2006 to 2010

目的探讨安顺市突发公共卫生事件流行病学特征,寻找控制对策。方法对安顺市2006-2010年报告的突发公共卫生事件信息进行分析。结果 2006-2010年安顺市共报告突发公共卫生事件241起,波及164 000人,发病7 337例,死亡18例,罹患率4.47%,死亡率0.01%,病死率0.25%;报告较大级事件4起(均是食物中毒),一般级事件97起,未分级事件140起,罹患率、死亡率、病死率以较大级最高(χ2=552.971、1 739.06、656.99,P<0.005);报告传染病类事件225起6 911例,食物中毒类事件15起423例,环境因素类事件1起3例,罹患率、死亡率及病死率以环境因素类事件最高(χ2=140.163、057.28、171.41,P<0.005);传染病类均是一般级事件及未分级事件,以呼吸道(占89.78%)、消化道(占7.11%)传染病为主;食物中毒类罹患率以植物性食物中毒最高,死亡率以不明食物中毒最高(χ2=146.45、13.43,P<0.005);报告时间以第二季度(占49.79%)、第四季度(占27.80%)为主;8县(区)均有突发公共卫生事件报告,起数及发病数以西秀区最高分别占31.32%、26.96%,罹患率以黄果树区(16.20%)最高(χ2=1788.90,P<0.005);发生场所在学校的204起占84.65%,其次是农村村庄(占8.71%),罹患率以集体食堂最高(8.33%),其次为学校(5.30%)(χ2=821.20,P<0.005)。结论 2006-2010年安顺市报告的突发公共卫生事件以一般级和未分级事件为主,事件分类以传染病类为主,其次是食物中毒类;发生场所主要是学校,其次是农村村庄;发病季节主要在第二季度、第四季度,与学生返校周期相符。应加强学校传染病疫情监测工作,尤其是呼吸道、消化道等易传播传染病,落实传染病"五早"制度,把疫情控制在最小范围;应加强食品安全规范化管理,杜绝食物中毒类突发公共卫生事件的发生。

Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of the emergent public health events in Anshun City,and to look for the control countermeasure. Methods An analysis was made on the information of emergent public health events in AnShun city from 2006 to 2010. Results There were 241 public health emergencies reported in Anshun City during the period of 2006～2010,including 164,000 individuals involved in,7,337 cases of diseases,and 18 cases of death.The attack rate,death rate,and disease mortality rate were 4.47%,0.01%,and 0.25%,respectively.There were 4 large-level events（all were food poisoning）,97 general-level events,and 140 untreated events reported;and the attack rate,death rate and disease mortality rate of the large-level events were the highest（χ2=552.97、11,739.06、656.99,P0.005）.There were 225 infectious disease events（including 6,911 cases）,15 food poisoning events（423 cases）,and 1 environmental-factor event（3 cases） reported;and the attack rate,death rate and disease mortality rate of the environmental-factor event were the highest（χ2=140.16、3,057.28、171.41,P0.005）. All infectious disease events belonged to general-level events or untreated events,and most of them were the infectious diseases of respiratory tract（89.78%） and gastrointestinal tract（7.11%）.Among food poisoning events,the attack rate of plant food poisoning was the highest,and the death rate of unidentified food poisoning was the highest（χ2=146.45、13.43,P0.005）.The report time focused on the second quarter（49.79%） and the fourth quarter（27.80%）.There were emergent public health events reported in 8 counties（districts）;the number of the events and the number of the cases occurred in Xixiu District were the highest,accounting for 31.32% and 26.96%,respectively;the attack rate of Huangguoshu District was the highest（16.20%）,（χ2=1,788.90,P0.005）.Among the 241 public health emergencies,204 events which occurred in schools accounted for 84.65% of the total emergencies,followed by rural villages（8.71%）.The attack rate of collective eatery was the highest（8.33%）,followed by schools（5.30%）,（χ2=821.20,P0.005）. Conclusions Most of the emergent public health events reported in Anshun City during the period of 2006～2010 belonged to general-level events or untreated events.The event classification mainly focused on the infectious diseases and food poisoning.Schools and rural villages were the main event-occurrence locations.The second quarter and the fourth quarter were the main onset seasons,which accorded with the cycle of the students going back to school.It is necessary to enhance the surveillance of the infectious diseases,especially the easy-transmitted infectious diseases of respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract,implement the five-early-system of infectious diseases,and control the epidemic within the minimum scope.The standardized management of food safety should be strengthened so as to eliminate the food poisoning events.