减少孕妇二手烟暴露健康干预效果评价

Evaluation on Interventions for Reducing Secondhand Smoking Exposure of Pregnant Women

目的了解长沙市孕妇二手烟暴露状况,评价减少孕妇被动吸烟措施干预效果。方法采用问卷形式对长沙市四所医院孕龄小于20周的孕妇进行被动吸烟K-A-P调查,同时对她们进行为期6个月的干预,并对干预效果进行评价。结果干预后孕妇二手烟暴露率由62.2%下降至33.8%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。孕妇对于被动吸烟可能导致的疾病认知度以及对在饭店、咖啡吧等公共场所禁烟的支持度较干预前有了显著提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。对成功要求除父母、公婆等亲属以及同事不在自己面前吸烟的信心均有所提高(P<0.01)。结论采取综合性的干预措施可以提高孕妇对被动吸烟危害的认识,提高其主动劝说他人不在身边吸烟的信心,进而减少自身被动吸烟。

Objective To investigate the status of secondhand smoking exposure among pregnant women in Changsha,and to evaluate the effect of interventions for reducing passive smoking exposure of pregnant women. Methods Pregnant women whose gestational ages were less than 20-week received prenatal examination in four hospitals of Changsha were participated in the survey.Their K-A-P towards secondhand smoking was measured by a self-administered questionnaire.Meanwhile,a six-month intervention was undertaken.The effect of intervention was assessed. Results The passive smoking exposure rate of the pregnant woman was reduced to 33.8% from 62.2%,and the difference was statistically significant（P0.01）.The knowledge about the diseases that passive smoking may lead to and the attitude towards smoking in public place among the pregnant women improved significantly（P0.01）,and the difference was statistically significant（P0.01）.The confidence of pregnant woman on asking parents,relatives and colleagues not to smoke around improved significantly（P0.01）. Conclusions Comprehensive interventions are effective for improving the knowledge,attitude and behaviors of pregnant women towards passive smoking.