铝合金在日本轨道车辆的应用及相应焊接技术

Aluminum alloy applications and its welding technique for railway vehicle in Japan

为了减低能耗、提高速度,轨道车辆轻量化是必然选择。采用铝合金制作车体是减轻车体自重的有效措施。对铝合金在日本轨道车辆的应用及相应焊接技术的发展状况进行了综述。介绍了日本四代铝合金轨道车辆的结构特征、所用合金类型以及焊接方法,探讨轨道车辆用铝合金、焊接技术的发展趋势。高Zn的7N01合金应用将会受到限制,容易循环再利用的5000系、6000系合金的应用将越来越广泛。搅拌摩擦焊会成为轨道车辆生产的主要焊接技术,激光焊在远程焊接方面也值得期待。

It is necessary, to reduce the weight of railway vehicle in order to reduce its ienergy consumption.Aluminum alloy body of railway vehicles is a effective measure to reduce body weight.In this paper,the current state of aluminum alloy application and its corresponding welding technique for railway vehicles in Japan were summarized.The structure characteristics,material types and welding method used in four generations of aluminium alloy railway vehicle was introduced.The trend of welding technique and material used in aluminium alloy body of railway vehicle were diseussed.Based on analyses,the paper pointed out that the application of 7N01 alloy containing more zinc wiould be limited,whereas the application of 5000 and 6000 series aluminum alloy would become broader.On the other hand,Friction stir welding would beeome a main welding technology in railway vehicle manufacturing,and the application of laser welding ,especially in remote welding, is also expected.