转向架制造中焊接变形的矫正

Correction of welding deformation in bogie manufacture

列举了转向架制造中焊接变形的类型与危害,介绍焊接变形常用的矫正方法——机械矫正法和火焰矫正法。重点论述机械矫正法中变形种类的判定、变形率的计算、矫正量的确定、设备与工具的使用、支点与加压点的选取等因素对机械矫正效果的影响。以及火焰矫正法中构件的摆放、加热位置的选取、加热方式的选择、加热尺寸和加热温度的选择等因素在提高火焰矫正效果上的关键作用。火焰矫正时应注意加热温度、加热位置和矫正次数的选择;机械矫正时,从变形量到变形率再到矫正量的判定,应结合生产实际,对特定产品形成经验公式;机械矫正与火焰矫正配合使用时,应综合考虑各因素的选取。

This article lists the bogie manufacturing welding deformation types and damage,introduces the welding deformation correction methods commonly used, mechanical correction method and flame correction method. The paper focuses on the mechanical correction method to determine the deformation types,deformation rate calculation,deteruline the correct amount,as well as equipment and tool use,the fulcrum and the pressure points such factors as the selection effect on the mechanical correction.And the components placed, heating location selection ,the choice of heating method ,heating temperature and heating the choice of size and other factors result in increasing the critical role of flame correction.Pointed out through the analysis,the flame correction,should pay attention to the heating temperature ,heating position and correct number of choice, the mechanical correction, from the amount of deformity to the strain rate again to the correction quantity＇s determination,should be combined with actual production,when forms the empirical formula to the specific product,the mechanical correction and the flame correction coordination use,should the overall evaluation various factors selection.