宁夏引黄灌区近50年北移冬小麦越冬期温度变化特征分析

Characteristics Analysis of Temperature Change during Overwintering Period of Northward Winter Wheat in Irrigated Areas of Ningxia

利用宁夏引黄灌区所辖市(县)的11个气象站点1961-2009年的逐日温度数据,分析了当地北移冬小麦种植区各项温度指标的变化特征。结果表明:近50a来,宁夏引黄灌区1月极端最低气温的平均值为-19.8℃,冬小麦北移后比北移前升高了3.9%;1月的平均温度为-7.4℃,冬小麦北移后比北移前升高了12.8%,1月平均气温低于-9℃的年数减少了75%,说明宁夏引黄灌区北移冬小麦已经处于冬小麦种植北界内的适宜种植区;北移冬小麦生育期≥0℃积温平均值为1969.6℃.d,冬小麦北移后比北移前增加了11.1%,但无论冬小麦北移之前还是之后,宁夏引黄灌区冬小麦生育期≥0℃积温都能保证冬小麦正常生长;北移冬小麦越冬前≥0℃积温平均值为363℃.d,北移后比北移前增加了10.3%,接近华北冬小麦生长所需冬前≥0℃积温400℃.d的下限;越冬期负积温平均值为-586℃.d,北移后比北移前增加了22.3%,但仍然达不到华北冬性和强冬性品种安全越冬的越冬期负积温的下限。因此,适时早播和加强水肥管理以增加冬前≥0℃积温、培育壮苗和提高冬小麦的越冬存活率是保证北移冬小麦高产的关键技术措施。

Based on the daily temperature data of 1961-2009 of eleven meteorological stations in the Irrigated Areas of Ningxia,the change characteristics of the temperature indicators was analyzed.The results showed that the minimum temperature in January in 1961-2009 was with-19.8℃,it increased by 3.9% compared to the time period before the northward winter wheat growing;The average temperature in January was with-7.4℃,it increased by 12.8% compared to the time period before the northward winter wheat growing,the average temperature in January lower than-9℃decreased by 75%,this indicated that the Irrigated Areas of Ningxia had already belonged to the suitable growing areas within the northern boundary of winter wheat.The total accumulated temperature above zero degree in growth period of winter wheat was with 1969.6 ℃·d,it increased by 11.1% compared to the time period before the northward winter wheat growing,whereas it could ensure the normal growth of winter wheat whether before or after the northward winter wheat growing.The accumulated temperature above zero degree before overwintering period of winter wheat was with 363 ℃·d,it increased by 10.3% compared to the time period before the northward winter wheat growing,which was close to the minimal requirement for the accumulated temperature above zero degree before overwintering period of winter wheat in the Northern China Plain.The negative accumulated temperature in overwintering period of winter wheat was with-586 ℃·d,it increased by 22.3% compared to the time period before the northward winter wheat growing,but it could still not meet the minimal requirement for the safe overwintering of winterness and strong winterness varieties of winter wheat in the Northern China Plain.Early and timely sowing,enhancing the water and fertilizer managements were the key technical measures to ensure high yield of winter wheat which can increase the accumulated temperature above zero degree before overwintering period,breed strong seedlings and increase overwintering survival percentage.