汶川地震一年半后北川、绵阳受灾群众的应对方式及其与心理健康关系的研究

Relationship between Coping Styles and Mental Health among Disaster Victims in Beichuan and Mianyang One Year and a Half after Wenchuan Earthquake

目的调查汶川地震一年半后灾区群众的应对方式特点,研究其与心理健康的关系。方法采用一般资料调查表、症状自评量表、应对方式问卷对北川、绵阳两地的480名受灾群众进行调查。结果灾区群众的应对方式按使用程度依次为:解决问题、合理化、退避、幻想、求助、自责。心理卫生正常组在解决问题因子上的得分高于异常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);正常组在幻想因子上的得分低于异常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男女在应对方式上的差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05),城镇居民只在合理化维度上的得分高于农村居民,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在解决问题因子得分上26～35、56～65岁组分别与16～25岁组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),在求助因子得分上26～35岁组分别与16～25、56～65岁组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),在幻想因子得分上36～45岁组与16～25岁组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),在退避因子得分上16～25岁组分别与26～35、36～45、56～65岁组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),在合理化因子得分上26～35、36～45、46～55岁组分别与16～25岁组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),在自责因子得分上,不同年龄组间的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论灾区群众在心理创伤恢复期采用的多是积极的应对方式,成熟的应对方式有利于心理健康发展。

Objective To investigate the characteristics of coping style among disaster victims one year and a half after Wenchuan earthquake and to study the relationship between coping styles and mental health status. Methods A total of 480 earthquake victims in Beichuan and Mianyang were investigated using general information questionnaire,SCL-90 questionnaire and coping style questionnaire. Results The coping styles used by disaster victims followed the order of problem solving,rationalization,withdrawal,delusion,resort,remorse.Problem solving score in the normal group was evidently higher than in the abnormal group（P0.01）;delusion score in the normal group was evidently lower than in the abnormal group（P0.05）.Gender differences in coping styles were not significant（P0.05）;rationalization score in urban residents was higher than in rural residents（P0.05）;score of problem solving of the 16～25 years old group was significantly different from those of the 26～35 and 56～65 years old groups（P0.01）;score of resort of the 26～35 years old group was different from those of the 16～25 and 56～65 years old groups（P0.05）;score of delusion of the 36～45 years old group was different from that of the 16～25 years old group（P0.05）;score of withdrawal of the 16～25 years old group was different from those of the 26～35,36～45 and 56～65 years old groups（P0.05）;score of rationalization of the 16～25 years old group was different from those of the 26～35,36～45 and 46～55 years old groups（P0.05）;score of remorse was not significantly different among all the age groups（P0.05）. Conclusion People in the dasaster area tend to adopt positive coping styles at one year and a half after the earthquake.Mature coping styles helped with the development of healthy mental status.