健康教育对不同文化程度的社区2型糖尿病患者的干预效果评价

Effect of Health Education Intervention on Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Different Education Backgrouds in Community

目的探讨对不同文化程度的社区2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者实施健康教育的有效性。方法将来自社区的150例T2DM患者按照文化程度的高低分为三组,均对其进行健康教育及生活方式干预。两年后,对三组患者的体质指数(BMI)、血压、血脂、空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)等改善情况进行比较。结果初中及以下文化组仅在高密度脂蛋白及餐后2 h血糖方面改善明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其余指标改善情况均无统计学意义(P>0.05);高中/中专文化组除三酰甘油及高密度脂蛋白变化无统计学意义(P>0.05)外,其余指标间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);大专及以上文化组的BMI、血压、餐后2 h血糖间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),血脂、空腹血糖、HbA1c间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论高中/中专文化组患者的健康教育效果最好,其次为大专及以上文化组,初中及以下文化组的教育效果最不理想;但如给予更多指导仍能达到教育的目的,健康教育是社区T2DM患者行之有效的管理方法。

Objective To study the effectiveness of health education for type 2 diabetic（T2DM） patients with differnt education backgrounds. Methods In accordance with level of education,150 patients with T2DM from the local communities were divided into three groups,and they were given health education and lifestyle intervention.After two years,the changes of body mass index（BMI）,blood pressure,blood lipids,fasting blood glucose（FBG）,2-hour postprandial blood glucose（2 hPG）,and glycosylated hemoglobin（HbA1c） between the three groups of patients were compared. Results Junior high school or below group only had statistically significant improvement in high-density lipoprotein and 2 hPG（P0.05）,and no significant improvement in other indicators（P0.05）.Senior high/secondary technical school group,except triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein,had statistically significant changes in all other indicators（P0.05）.College or higher education group had statistically significant improvement in BMI,blood pressure,and 2 hPG（P0.05）,no statistically significant changes in blood lipids,fasting glucose,and HbA1c（P0.05）. Conclusion The effect of health education intervention is the best in patients with senior high/secondary technical education,next in those with college or higher education,and the most unsatisfactory in those with junior high or less education.Nevertheless,the educational goals can still be achieved if more guidance is given.Health education is an effective management for T2DM patients in community.