农村育龄妇女孕前保健服务认知现状及其影响因素的调查研究

Awareness Status of Preconception Health Care among Rural Women of Child-Bearing Age and Its Determinants

目的了解农村育龄妇女对孕前保健服务的认知状况及其影响因素,为制定孕前保健服务推广策略提供科学依据。方法采用分层抽样方法选取1 226名农村育龄期妇女为调查对象,采用自制调查问卷进行入户调查获取孕前保健服务认知资料。结果农村育龄妇女对孕前保健服务内容、服务获取途径的知晓率分别为54.6%～69.3%、14.0%;对母婴传播疾病监测、孕前妇科检查、TORCH感染监测、注射风疹疫苗、染色体检查、补充叶酸、血型检查等服务项目意义的知晓率依次为37.4%、25.9%、21.7%、0.4%、25.1%、55.7%和32.2%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,文化程度、年龄、服务了解途径(计划生育宣传员、专科医生、宣传资料)对农村育龄妇女孕前保健服务认知水平的影响有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论农村育龄妇女对孕前保健服务的认知水平普遍偏低,文化水平、年龄、相关知识获取途径是影响育龄妇女孕前保健服务认知水平的重要因素;应结合农村实际情况有针对性地开展孕前保健服务宣传,切实促进服务的有效利用。

Objective To know the status of awareness about preconception health care among rural women of child-bearing age and analyze its determinants so as to provide the scientific basis for formulating the popularizing strategy of preconception health care service.Methods Stratified sampling was taken to recruit 1 226 rural women of child-bearing age as the subjects,and self-designed questionnaire was used to collect the information on their knowledge of preconception health care.Results The awareness rates of the contents of preconception health service and the approach to get the service were 54.6%~69.3% and 14.0% among the women of child-bearing age.The awareness rates of significance such items as monitoring of mother to infant transmission diseases,gynecological pre-pregnant examination,TORCH infection check,rubella vaccine immunization,chromosome test,supplementation of folic acid,blood type test were,respectively,37.4%,25.9%,21.7%,0.4%,25.1%,55.7%,and 32.2%.The multi-variant Logistic regression showed that the education level,age and approach of knowledge acquirement could significantly affect the awareness of preconception health care（P0.05）.Conclusion The knowledge of preconception health care among rural women of child-bearing age is low.The determinants of preconception health care knowledge are their age,educational level and approach of knowledge acquirement.It is necessary to conduct targeted popularization of preconception health care knowledge according to the real condition,promoting full use of the service.