学习障碍儿童家庭环境和父母教育方式特征

The features of family environment and parental rearing styles of children with learning disorders

目的探讨家庭环境和父母养育方式对学习障碍儿童的影响,为改善和矫治儿童学习障碍提供依据。方法采用对照研究,对某小学3～6年级的儿童进行整群抽样筛查。采用学习障碍筛查量表和多重成就测验成绩筛出学习障碍儿童158名作为研究对象,并随机选取与学习障碍儿童同年龄、同性别、同班级的非学习障碍儿童158名为对照组。采用家庭环境量表中文版和父母养育方式评价量表对两组儿童进行测评。结果研究组儿童家庭环境量表的亲密感、情感表达、成功性、文化性、娱乐性、组织性因子分低于对照组,而矛盾性因子分则高于对照组;父母养育方式评定中,研究组儿童父亲的情感温暖理解、惩罚严厉、拒绝否认因子分高于对照组,母亲的过度保护干涉、惩罚严厉因子分高于对照组。结论家庭环境和父母养育方式对儿童学习障碍的发生、发展有重要影响。

Objective To explore the features of family environment and parental rearing styles of children with learning disorders（LD）and to provide measures to ameliorate the learning disability.Methods Controlled design was adopted in the study.All children from grade 3 to 6 of a primary school were screened for LD with the Pupil Rating Scale Revised-Screening for Learning Disability and Multiple Achievement Tests.Total 158 of them diagnosed as LD were included in subject group.Another 158 age and gender matched,healthy children were taken randomly as controls.All children were tested by the Family Environment Scale-Chinese Version（FES-CV）and the Egma Minnen av Bardndosna Uppforstran（EMBU）.Results On FES-CV test,children with LD were found lower scores of the cohesion,expressiveness,achievement orientation,intellectual-cultural orientation,active-recreational orientation and organization factor scores,but higher scores in conflict factor score than that of the controls.EMBU test showed that compared with controls,children with LD got less emotional warmth and comprehension;got more punishment,stringency,rejection,denying from far ther and more punishment,stringency,excess interference and protection from mother.Conclusions Family environment and parental rearing styles affected the germination and development of children with learning disability.