黄芩传粉生物学特性研究

Pollination Biology Characters of Scutellaria baicalensis

通过野外观察、人工辅助授粉和室内测定等方式,对黄芩（Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi.）传粉生物学特性进行了研究。结果表明：黄芩花紫色、紫红色或蓝色,花冠口部直径0.5~1.2cm,花冠筒长2.3~3.4cm,花柱长2.3~3.5cm,后对花药长0.1~0.15cm,前对花药长0.18~0.3cm,柱头及雄蕊不伸出花冠,不接触;花粉生活力在开花当天最强,花药刚开裂时有生活力花粉为76.94%,3d后为54.06%;花粉/胚珠（P/O）为635~7220,自然状态下结实率为56.74%。黄芩为异花虫媒授粉植物,传粉昆虫主要是沙漠条蜂（Anthophora deserticola Morawitz）、红光雄蜂[Bombus（Bombus）ignitus Smith]、花条蜂（Anthophora florae Smith）和富丽熊蜂[Bombus（Thoracobombus）opulentus Smith]等。

Reproductive characteristics of Scutellaria baicalensis were studied by field observation, artificial pollination and laboratory tests. The results showed that corolla was purple or amaranth or blue color. Corolla tube was 0.5–1.2 cm wide,and 2.3–3.4 cm long,style was 2.3–3.5 cm long. The behind pair of anthers was 0.1–0.15 cm long while the front pair of anthers was 0.18–0.3 cm long. There were neither protruding stigmas nor contacting anthers. Pollen vigor was the strongest on the day of anthesis. At the beginning of anthesis,the vigor was 76.94%,and decreased rapidly to 54.06% three days later. Pollen-ovule ratio（P/O）ranged from 635 to 7 220. Natural nutlet setting rate was 56.74%. It was inferred that S. baicalensis belong to an entomophilous cross-pollinated plant based on the results of pollination observations and artificial pollination studies. The most freguently known pollinators of S. baicalensis were as follows：Anthophora deserticola Morawitz,Bombus（Bombus）ignitus Smith,Anthophora florae Smith and Bombus（Thoracobombus）opulentus Smith.