全球化与国家社会保障职能的变动--中国加入WTO对社会保障政策的双重影响

Globalization and the Changing Function of the State in Social Security——On the Dual Effects of WTO Membership on China's Social Security Policies

在全球化中,国家应如何调整国内的社会保障政策以面对更快速和全面的国家间资源流动,是学术界争论的热点问题之一。近几十年中国与外部世界关系发生了巨大变化。本文以中国加入世界贸易组织(WTO)前后的社会保障状况变化为例,加入该讨论,并提出全球化对国内社会保障政策的"双重作用":国家更强调社会发展效率,减少其社会保障职能,并引入非国家机构填补其职能上的缩水;同时,国家增加其社会基本保障职能,为社会低收入人群提供更有效的基本生活保障。在这种全球化双重作用的调整下,国家能一方面减少公共开支负担,另一方面保障社会稳定和政权合法性,适应全球化挑战。

In globalization process, how state adjust its social security policies to meet the faster and more comprehensive resource flows becomes one of the most debated academic inquires. In the past thirty something years, drastic changes have taken place in China＇s relations with the outside world. In view of this situation, the paper intends to discuss the changing social security policies of China since China＇s accession to the WTO. The paper argues that globalization has showed ＂dual effects＂ on China＇s domestic security policies. On the one hand, the state now places more emphases on the efficiency of social development so as to reduce its responsibilities for social protection. Meanwhile, non-state organizations are introduced to compensate for the reduced duties of the state for social security. On the other hand, the state increases its function in basic social security to provide better welfare for low-income groups. With the dual effects of globalization, the state is able to reduce the burden of public expenditure and at the same time maintain social stability and regime legitimacy, which are essential for the state to face new challenges brought about by globalization.