试论晚清时期国人引介国外残疾人救助理念的努力

The Efforts of the Chinese People to Introduce the Foreign Ideas for the Relief of Disabled Persons in the Late Qing Dynasty

中国传统社会的残疾人救助采取的是以收养为核心的消极的治标措施,因而不能从根本上解决残疾人问题;而西方国家则主张在对残疾人进行收养的同时,尤其强调通过教育手段提高残疾人文化素质,提升其谋生能力,从而最终实现残疾人的自立自强,因此是一种标本兼治的措施。晚清时期,越来越多的中国人对欧美及日本的残疾人救济理念进行了广泛而深入的考察并将其引介到国内,逐步改变了中国传统的残疾人救助方式,并在社会上逐步确立了养教皆施的救助理念;在此基础上,逐步开创了中国现代残疾人事业。

Traditionally, the relief of disabled persons in China meant merely the adoption, which was passive and ineffective to the solution of the problems. In Western countries, though people did adopt the disabled, they paid greater attention to the education of disabled persons so as to enhance their ability to earn a living and to strengthen their confidence in serf - dependence, which proved to be a measure of seeking both temporary and permanent solutions. During the late Qing Dynasty, more and more Chinese people went abroad to investigate the Western and Japanese ideas for the relief of the disabled. They borrowed the foreign ideas of relief and their efforts gradually changed the practices of China. As a result, a new idea for the relief of the disabled was formed, highlighting both adoption and education, which paved the way for the cause of the disabled persons in modem China.