中国近代思想史上的“强力政府论”:激进乎?保守乎?——基于梁启超、孙中山相关思想的考察

"Strong Government Theory" in Modern History of Chinese Thoughts:A Study Based on Liang Qichao and SunYat-sen's Related Ideas

梁启超、孙中山的政治态度和思想主张虽有很多差异,但在政府问题上的主张却惊人的一致。基于国民程度低下等原因,梁启超在肯定"政府之事业当渐次轻减"的同时,强调适宜于当下的"善"政府必须是一个权力高度集中的"强有力的政府"。孙中山在重新界定人民与政府之间关系的基础上,提出只有主人(人民)真心诚意地将治权交与仆人(政府),才能打造出一个理想的"万能政府"。梁启超、孙中山的"强力政府论"在论证逻辑上虽有明显的不同,但却兼具保守与激进的思想特色。这种情形印证了中国近代思想史上的所谓保守与激进实质上是一种相当复杂的思想谱系。

Although Liang Qichao,Sun Yat-sen＇s political attitudes and advocated ideas had many differences,they held striking consistency in government claims.Based on the low national level and other reasons,Liang Qichao affirmed ＂the government＇s cause should be gradually reduced,＂ he emphasized that a ＂good＂ government was ＂strong government＂,which must own a high concentration of power for current situation.Sun Yat-sen redefined the relationship between people and government,then proposed that only the owner（the people） entrust the right to rule to the servants（government） sincerely to create an ideal ＂universal government.＂ Although their ＂strong government＂ theory was significantly different in logical,both had conservative and radical thinking characteristics.It proved the so-called Conservative and Radical in modern history of Chinese thought was actually a very complex idea pedigree.