体育场挑篷结构选型与应用研究

Structural system selection and application of roof steel structure in stadiums

针对体育场挑篷结构的特点及分类进行详细阐述,将挑篷结构形式分为悬挑式、拱支式、拱吊式、柱顶桅杆斜拉式和巨型独立桅杆斜拉式等五类,对其基本结构构成和力学特性进行归类总结,通过形态参数分析来阐述各类结构形式在选型时应重点关注的问题。对悬挑式挑篷,提出了支点间距的合理取值及支点位置的选取方法;对拱支式挑篷,分析了主拱矢跨比和倾角对结构受力的影响,提出合理取值范围,并就拱推力处理方式给出建议;对拱吊式挑篷,根据拱与屋面的高差,阐述了刚性吊杆和柔性拉索的运用形式,并给出相应的力学简图;对两种斜拉式挑篷中的拉索密度、撑杆形式、桅杆与屋面的布局组合等也做了论述,分析了桅杆倾角、斜拉索倾角、平衡索倾角三个形态参数,并给出了合理角度范围。

In this paper,the characteristics and classification of roof steel structures of stadiums are expatiated.The roof steel structure can be classified into five types,i.e.the cantilever type,arch-supporting type,arch-hanging type,mast-cable-stayed and giant independent mast-cable-stayed type.The basic structural composition and mechanical behavior of those five types of roof steel structures were summarized.Important issues regarding the structural system selection for the roof steel structure were discussed using the morphological parametrical analysis.For cantilever type roof structure,the rational selection of the support distance and the location of the supports were introduced.For arch-supporting type roof structure,the influences of the height to span ratio and the inclination angle of the main arch on the load carrying pattern were analyzed.The rational ranges of the height to span ratio and inclination angle were summarized.For arch-hanging type roof structure,the major forms and corresponding calculation diagrams for the rigid hanging rod and flexible cable were given based on the height difference between arch and roof.For the two types of mast-cable-stayed roof structures,the tensile cable density,forms of strut,layout of mast and roof were introduced.Three morphological parameters,i.e.the mast inclination,cable inclination and balanced cable inclination were analyzed and the rational ranges of these parameters were also given.This paper can be a reference for the structural system selection and conceptual design of other similar engineering structures.