结构健康监测中基于多重优化策略的传感器布置方法

Multiple optimization strategies based sensor placement method for structural health monitoring

如何在满足测试要求的前提下确定所需传感器的数目并优化其布设位置,已成为结构健康监测中亟待解决的问题。提出一种基于多重优化策略的传感器分步布设方法,首先以模态向量矩阵列主元正交三角分解得到传感器的初始布设位置;然后以模态置信度矩阵的最大非对角元为目标函数,采用逐步累积法,逐步增加可降低此初始布置模态置信度矩阵非对角元的传感器测点,并考虑非对角元均值的变化幅度,确定所需传感器的数量;最后通过基于二重结构编码的广义遗传算法优化传感器的布设位置。以600 m高的广州新电视塔为例,分析了传感器优化布置方案,发现对于刚度有突变的结构(如电视塔的塔身和天线),应对两者分开考虑传感器的布设。

How to determine the quantity of the sensors and the optimal sensor placement to satisfy the testing requirements is a primary problem to be solved in the structural health monitoring.A new step-by-step sensor placement method based on the multiple optimization strategies was proposed.The initial sensor placement was firstly obtained by the QR-factorization.Then the maximum off-diagonal element of the modal assurance criterion（MAC） matrix was taken as the target function.The freedoms of the structure by the forward sequential sensor placement algorithm were gradually added to reduce the off-diagonal element of the MAC.Considering the change extent of the off-diagonal element＇s mean value,the quantity of the sensors could be determined.Finally,the plan of optimal sensor placement could be obtained by the dual-structure codes-based generalized genetic algorithm.In the end,the analysis of the optimal sensor placement for the 600 m Guangzhou New TV Tower（GNTVT） was performed.The results show that,for the structures with stiffness mutation（like the main tower and antennary mast of GNTVT）,the sensor placement had better to be considered for each part separately.