英汉隐喻中的认知缺失分析与翻译

Analysis of the Cognitive Absence in English and Chinese Metaphors and Its Translation

认知语言学认为,人们对隐喻的理解源于赖以生存的客观世界以及自身对客观世界的体验和感知,即使不同的文化也存在相同或相似的隐喻认知。然而,不同民族的自然环境和文化传统使隐喻的生成和理解存在差异,甚至出现认知缺失。文章分析了英汉隐喻存在认知缺失的原因,并提出可以采用直白喻底并保留隐喻意象或补充映射条件,为英汉隐喻的认知缺失搭桥,使其翻译成为可能。认知缺失之间的搭桥应以译语和原语认知概念映射一致或趋同为依据。

From the cognitive theory,metaphor is the mapping of the outside world into humans;so inevitably,there exist similarities between English and Chinese metaphors.However,different living surroundings and cultures result in cognitive differences,even cognitive gap between English and Chinese metaphors.This paper analyzes the reasons of the cognitive absence in English and Chinese metaphors and then points out the methods of translating the cognitive absence,basing on the consistence of the cognitive mappings in the original and target languages.