宋代祭天礼中三岁一亲郊制探析

Exploration into the System of the Emperor's Presence in Suburban Ritual Sacrificing to Heaven Every Three Years in Song Dynasty

祭天礼中的三岁一亲郊制虽肇端于秦,但宋以前并没有严格执行,其制度内涵亦呈现出多重内容。降及宋代,三岁一亲郊制开始趋向稳定。在制度内容上,宋代的三岁一亲郊制主要包括南郊大礼和明堂大礼。在制度路径上,它开始实施于宋真宗朝,形成定制于宋仁宗朝明道年间,完善于嘉祐末年。三岁一亲郊制能在宋代发展完善,不仅与宋代中央集权的强大、新儒学的理论支撑息息相关,同时,祭典和赏赐的耗费、礼仪的繁冗以及中国古代祭天礼由繁至简日益世俗化的趋向亦构成了三岁一亲郊制逐步稳定的深层动力。

The System of the Emperor＇s Presence in Suburban Ritual Sacrificing to Heaven Every Three Years originates in Qin Dynasty but is lack of strict implementation before Song Dynasty. There are different interpretations of the systematic connotation. Till Song Dynasty, the system becomes steady. In content, it includes great ritual on southern suburb and in spacious hall. In way of implementation, it begins in the reign of Song Zhenzong, establishes in Song Renzong, perfects at the time of Jiayou. The development of the system is due to the strengthening of the central government and the new Confucianism. At the same time, the cost of ceremony and rewards, the complicatedness of the ritual and the secularization of it are the inner drive of its stability.