大型结构变形及形貌摄像测量技术研究进展

Development of Videometrics for Large-Scale Structual Deformation and Topography Measurement

船体、机翼、工程建筑等大型结构的变形与形貌的精确测量是实验力学的基本任务之一。摄像测量具有测量精度高、范围大、非接触、可动态测量等优点,是结构形貌与运动测量的重要手段。本文介绍了作者及其所在科研团队近年来利用摄像测量技术在大型结构变形、形貌测量等方面的研究成果和典型应用范例,主要包括:提出折线光路像机链摄像测量方法与技术,用于船体等大型结构,不稳定平台的静态基准转换,以及地下工程、边坡等的多点变形长期动态监测;采用多摄像机联合组网,用于机翼、风电叶片等大型结构形貌与变形的高精度测量;在投影轮廓线辅助下进行多部像机组网,用于对大型堆场三维形貌、料堆体积和高程等的高精度测量等。

The deformation and topography accurate measurement of large-scale structures such as hull, aerofoil and engineering construction is one of the basic missions of experimental mechanics. videometrics has become an important means for measurement of structure topography and deformation due to its many advantages, such as high precision, large spectrum, non-contact and dynamic measuring etc. This paper presents the achievements obtained by authors and their research team and representative applications in the field of topography and deformation measurement for large- scale structure based on videometrics. Broken-ray videometrics method is first presented that is used for large-scale structure measurement, static norm transition of unstable flat and long-term dynamic monitoring of underground projects or slopes. Secondly, camera network videometrics method is presented that is used for precisely measuring of large-scale structure topography and deformation, such as aerofoil and blade of wind turbine. At last, a three-dimensional high precision measuring method for stockpiles volume and elevation is presented by using camera network based on projection contour line.