动光弹性法中若干问题的近期研究进展

Resent Development of some Issues in Dynamic Photoelastic Method

为适应解决工程中越来越多动态力学问题的需求,在近年来计算技术、高速摄影技术、图像处理技术等迅速发展的基础上,本文对动光弹性法中的若干关键问题近期的研究进展作简要叙述。内容包括:(1)新型数字式动光弹仪的研制,这种光弹仪以激光光源取代多火花放电式光源,实现了连续、实时的强光源,以高速摄影系统取代原来多个相机的拍摄系统,利用计算机软件对整个系统装置进行控制,实现了图像的优化采集,为数字化处理图像提供了有力的保障;(2)静、动光弹性材料的探索,重点介绍了动光弹模型材料的新配方和新工艺;该工艺采用硅橡胶模具,无需使用脱模剂,利用常温固化形成环氧树脂板材或块体,可精密浇注,一次到位,材料具有良好的光力学性能;(3)动光弹的工程应用,利用新型数字式动光弹仪器以及环氧树脂浇注新的工艺进行了实际工程的研究,取得了一些有价值的结果。文中以某舰船中的部件舵机和基座及海岸工程中港口关键部位柱、柱帽连接部位为实例进行了动应力分析,证明了新研制的仪器和新材料均满足试验要求,有广阔的发展前景。

In order to meet the growing needs of dynamic mechanical problems emerged in engineering, a brief introduction of the development of some key issues in dynamic photoelastic method is presented in this paper, based on the rapid development of computing technology, high-speed photography and image processing technology in recent years. It includs： （1） the development of a new digital dynamic photoelastic instrument. It adopts laser light instead of multiple spark discharge light source to achieve a continuous, real-time high-intensity light source, and applies high-speed camera system to repla~ the former multiple ~meras shooting system, and uses computer software to control the entire system installations to achieve the optimal image acquisition and provide a strong guarantee for the digital image processing. （2） Static and dynamic photoelastic material exploration. It focuses on the new formula and new technology of dynamic photoelastic model materials. It uses silicon rubber mold without the release agents, to pouring epoxy resin sheet or block form under room temperature. It can be precision cast and shaped at once. Material has good mechanical properties of light. （3） Dynamic Photoelastieity Engineering Applications. The use of new digital dynamic photoelastic apparatus and new epoxy process in practice and obtained some valuable results. Taking a steering gear and ship base and key column and column caps joints of coastal engineering as examples, dynamic stress analysis was carried out. It proves that the new instruments and new materials can meet the test requirements and has broad prospect.