多功能复合材料结构状态感知系统

Multifunctional Structural State Sensing System for Composite Structures

由于具有比强度和比刚度高、可设计性强等优点,先进复合材料正在逐步成为新一代民用飞机的主要结构材料。为了充分利用复合材料的优越性能,有必要研发一种与复合材料结构集成一体的多功能传感系统,以使复合材料结构可以"感觉"和"思考"自身状态。本文提出一种类似于人体神经系统的多功能传感器网络系统,将不同功能的传感器有机结合起来,并与复合材料结构永久集成于一体,用来感知结构应变、温度、湿度、气动压力等参量,并监测发生在结构上的外界撞击及内部损伤。利用这一新概念设计和制造的未来复合材料结构可以提供多种模式的综合信息,从而使之具有智能传感、环境适应等多种功能。本文同时也讨论了发展这样一种多功能结构状态感知系统所面临的挑战与有关解决途径。

Advanced fiber reinforced composite materials are becoming step by step main structural materials of next generation of civil aircraft due to their high specific strength and high specific stiffness and good designability. In order to take full advantages of composite materials, there is a need to develop an embeddable multifunctional sensing system to allow a structure to ＂feel＂ and ＂consider＂ its structural state. Similar to human nervous system, a concept of multifunctional sensor network integrated with structure was developed. Different types of network sensors were permanently integrated within a composite structure to sense structural strain, temperature, moisture, aerodynamic pressure; to monitor external impact on the structure; and to detect structural damages. Utilizing this revolutionary concept, future composite structures can be designed and manufactured that can provide multiple modes of information, so that the structures have the capabilities for intelligent sensing, environmental adaptation and multi-functionality. The challenges for developing such a structural state sensing system and some solutions to address the challenges are also discussed in this paper.