豫南山区落叶阔叶林生态系统水量平衡研究

Water Balance of Deciduous Broad-leaved Forest Ecosystem in southern Mountain of Henan Province

采用水量平衡方法和集水区技术,利用2006年至2009年的观测资料,研究了豫南低山区落叶阔叶林生态系统的水量平衡.结果表明:系统年平均输入降水为1200.2 mm,其中79%集中在4-9月,主要支出项为径流和蒸散,分别为444.4 mm和754.3 mm,各占降水的37.0%和62.9%,土壤蓄水变化量仅为1.5 mm;林冠层对降水的分配中,林冠截留量407.4 mm,截留率33.9%,穿透水和树干茎流量分别为761.7 mm和31.1 mm,各占降水量的63.5%和2.6%.集水区年均径流输出总量为444.4 mm,其中地下径流420.9 mm,地表径流仅23.5 mm.落叶阔叶林生态系统具有良好的水文生态效应。

Using the method of water balance, watershed experiment technique and site- specific observation, based on the data and information collected from 2006 to 2009, the water balance of deciduous broad-leaved forest ecosystem in southern mountain of henan province is studied. The result shows： Average annual precipitation is 1200.2 mm, 79% of them concentrated in April to September, and 37.0% and 62.9% of which allocated to total runoff （444.4 mm） and evapotranspiration （754.3 ram） ,annual soil moisture variation is only 1.5 mm; Regarding to the precipitation distribution of crown acting surface, crown interception is 407.4 mm, and the ratio is 33.9%, the through fall is 761.7 ram, the stem flow is 31.1 mm, and accounting for 63.5% and 2.6%, respectively;the total runoff is 444.4 mm, in which the underground runoff is 420.9 mm, the surface runoff is only 23.5 mm. Deciduous broad-leaved forest ecosystem have good hydrological and ecological effects.