废旧电池污染对土壤和植物影响的实验研究

Experimental Study on the Pollution of Soil and Plant Caused by Waste Battery

目的通过废旧电池污染模型的建立,探讨废旧电池对环境造成的污染程度及在环境中的迁移。方法建立废旧电池污染模型,结合对本地区垃圾处理点的调查,采集土壤样品,测定模型中废旧电池重金属铅、镉在土壤和植物中的转移以及不同垃圾处理点的铅、镉含量。结果与空白对照组比较,模型中植物茎叶中的镉含量明显升高(P<0.01),模型中植物根的铅、镉含量均明显升高(P<0.01)。与空白植物组比较,室内植物和某垃圾填埋场植物中镉含量明显升高(P<0.05)。与空白土样组比较,模型土样中的铅含量均明显升高(P<0.01),某垃圾填埋场土样和某垃圾中转站土样中的铅、镉含量均明显升高(P<0.01或P<0.05)。与深层土样组比较,浮层土样中的铅含量均明显降低(P<0.01)。结论废旧电池污染模型中土壤及植物中的铅、镉含量明显高于对照组,垃圾填埋场及中转站中的土壤中铅、镉含量明显高于空白样品,废旧电池存在环境迁移的潜在危险性。

Objective To investigate the environment impact of waste batteries and to observe pollutants migration through building a pollution model. Methods A model showing pollution caused by waste batteries was established. Combining with the survey of the garbage treatment in the region, soil samples were collected. Lead and cadmium in soil and plants at different disposal places of the model were determined and their migration observed. Results Compared with the control group, the cadmium contents in the stem and leave of the plant of the model were significantly elevated（P〈0.01）. The lead and cadmium contents in roots of the plant of the model were also elevated（P〈0.01）. Compared with the control plants, the cadmium contents in indoor plants and plants at refuse disposal places were significantly elevated（P〈0.05）. Compared with the control soil samples, the lead contents in soil samples of the model were significantly increased（P〈 0. 01）. The lead and cadmium contents in the soil of a refuse disposal place and in the soil samples of a refuse transit station were significantly elevated （P〈 0.01 or P〈 0. 05 ） Compared with the deep soil, the lead contents in the surface layer of the soil samples were significantly lowered（P〈0.01）. Conclusions The lead and cadmium contents in the soil and plants of the model are significantly higher than those in the control. The lead and cadmium contents in the soil of refuse disposal place and refuse transit station are significantly higher than those in the blank samples. The results suggest that the existence of waste batteries is a potential risk for migration of the environment pollution.