防御性建筑的地域性应答——以安顺屯堡为例

Regional Response of Defensive Architecture:Taking Anshun Tunpu as Example

以实地调研和地方志研究为基础,从防御性角度对屯堡聚落和民居进行了历时性分析与梳理,指出防御性是安顺屯堡最显著的地域特征,其发展始终伴随着自上而下的制度影响与自下而上的积极应答:屯堡聚落创立于明朝军屯制度,严密的军事编制和组织,使屯堡聚落网络状分布密集;清以后虽由军转为民,防御性仍然不断地强化、升级。

Based on the field investigation and local chronicles study,this paper makes diachronic analysis of the Tunpu Settlement and folk house from angle of defensiveness. It points out that defensiveness is the distinctive regional identity of Anshun Tunpu. The development of defensiveness is accompanied all through with the influence of system from top to bottom,and with the positive response from bottom to top. The Tunpu Settlement was founded upon the system of ＂garrison troops engaged in farming with peasants＂ in the Ming dynasty; the strict military establishment and organization makes the Tunpu Settlement scatter densely. At the same time,defensiveness was still unceasingly strengthened and upgraded although there was the conversion from military to civilian after the Qing dynasty.