日本行政不服申诉制度的变迁——我国行政复议法修改的一种参照

The Evolution of Administrative Appeal Recourse System in Japan:A Reference to the Chinese Administrative Reconsideration Improvement

在当前修改行政复议法的过程中,与我国行政法律制度建构具有密切关联的近邻日本的制度经验或许可以提供一种重要参考。日本现行行政不服申诉制度发端于明治时代的诉愿法,二战之后建立了以行政不服审查法为基础的行政不服申诉制度,该制度已运行近50余年。在日本当代行政法律制度变革的大背景下,行政不服申诉制度在公正性、效率性等方面都存在一系列问题,需要在维护国民信赖的前提下进行修正。日本的行政不服审查法修改进而提上日程,并有望在近期审议乃至通过。其法律修改重点在于谋求通过制度改进增强行政不服申诉制度的公正性,并提高行政不服审查案件的处理效率。

The experience of our neighbor Japan may provide an important reference for current modification of our Administrative Reconsideration Law. The Japanese administrative appeal recourse system originated from the appeal system of Meiji era and formed by based on the Administrative Appeal Law after World War Ⅱ, and has been running for nearly 50 years. However, there are a series of problems such as justice, efficiency in the contemporary context for Administrative law system in Japan, it needs to be modified to maintain the national trust. Now the modification is being in agenda, and is expected to be adopted to enhance the integrity and the efficiency of the system in the near future. This legislative change of Japan might provide a reference to the modification work in our country.