负激励理论：产生、模型分析与应用

激励机制包括正激励和负激励两种类型,当正激励由于边际效益递减作用不大时可以采取负激励。负激励的理论基础是行为修正理论,它利用人们对意外损失的关注大于对意外获得的心理规律降低企业激励成本。负激励既有正面效应也存在负面效应,负激励余弦曲线是阐释负激励的正负效应的一种数理工具。负激励在企业管理中的运用表现为风险薪酬制度、降薪降职制度和末位淘汰制度。

Incentive mechanism includes two types of positive incentive and negative. It may take negative incentive when positive incentive does not work well due to diminishing marginal. The theoretical basis of negative incentive is behavior modification theory, which takes advantage of psychological law of people＇ s concern about the unexpected loss more than about the unsought gain to reduce the cost of enterprises incentives. Negative incentive has both positive effects and negative effects. Negative incentives cosine curve is a mathematical tool for explaining positive and negative effects of negative incentives. The application of negative incentive in enterprise management means risk compensation system, salary reduction and demotion system, and end elimination system.