导致塔里木河流域土地沙漠化扩展的深层次原因分析

Implicit Causes of Land Desertification Development in the Tarim River Basin

就塔里木河流域的总体情况而言,在人类历史之前,沙漠化形成是一种完全受气候变化制约的自然过程,在现代干旱环境背景下,超载放牧、滥挖滥采、毁林毁草开荒以及水资源的不合理利用是导致目前塔里木河干流沙漠化持续扩展的几种主要的不合理人为活动。那么,又是什么原因促使人们在与自然相处过程中,采取了这些显然违背自然规律的活动?在实地考察基础上,结合前人研究的成果资料,对导致塔里木河流域沙漠化扩展的深层次原因进行分析。认为,主要是人口压力、政策失误和利益驱动促使人们在与自然相处过程中,采取了这些显然违背自然规律的活动。因此,控制人口增长、采取正确的政策引导、正确处理经济利益和生态环境之间的关系是促进当地土地沙漠化逆转所必须的。

Land desertification in the Tarim River Basin was only resulted from climate change before the human history.But overgrazing,unauthorized and wasteful mining,reclaiming wasteland by deforestation,and improper use of water resources were the main factors at present.What made people do so many things offending the nature？ The authors attempted to answer this based on by field investigation and referring to some previous research results.It is taken for thinking that population pressure,inappropriate policies and profit actuation are the deep causes that make people do so many improper activities against the nature.Therefore,controlling population increase,guiding with appropriate policies,and harmonizing the relation between economic benefit and ecological environment are necessary to inhibit and recover land desertification.