中国经济改革:背景、机制与挑战

China's economic reform: Background,mechanism and challenges

经过三十余年的经济改革,中国的经济取得了巨大的进步,中国这条"巨龙"也正在逐渐回归到她在世界经济中应有的位置。这种经济改革是如何成功的?本文认为,承接于特定的历史经济背景,中国经济中三类主要的行为主体(中央、地方、民众)根据自身的条件进行了事实上的互动式的协调分工,各自对既有的约束条件进行突破,并在互动演进的发展过程中逐步建立了新的规则,这些规则所确立的激励与约束极大地调动了各参与主体的积极性,实现了从事必躬亲到各司其职的职能转换。正是在这些过程中,中国经济逐渐得到发展并获得前所未有的成就。但我们同时强调,在经济改革的过程中,也必须认清体制的不足,积极应对新的挑战。

China＇ s economy has made great progress after more than 30 years of economic reform. China, the big dragon, is gradually returning to its rightful economic position in the world economy. How did this economic reform succeed？ This paper holds that the three major economical principal parts （central government, local government, the public） carried on the coordination of interactive division of labor according to their own conditions under specific historical and economic background. They made breakthrough on existing constraints, and gradually established new rules in the process of interactive evolution development. The incentive and constraint mechanism in these rules greatly mobilize the enthusiasm of every participated economical principal part, which realized the function transformation from attending to everything personally to assuming their respective role. It is in these processes that China＇ s economy developed gradually and accessed to unprecedented achievement. Meanwhile, we stressed that we must clearly recognize the deficiency of the system and actively respond to new challenges in the economic reform process.