2008一2010年十堰市狂犬病流行病学特征

Epidemiological Characteristics of Rabies in Shiyan from 2008 to 2010

目的:了解2008-2010年十堰市狂犬病的流行特征,为十堰市防治狂犬病提供参考。方法:对2008-2010年十堰市狂犬病病例个案调查资料进行整理分析。结果:2008-2010年十堰市共报告34例狂犬病例,均死亡。患者均为犬伤,除1例散居儿童和2例为城镇中学生外,其余均为乡村成年农民;III度伤病人25例,73.5%;以肢体伤为主的病人,31例,91.2%,头部受伤病人3例,8.8%;2例在乡镇卫生院进行冲洗和消毒,其余均未进行伤口处理:仅2例注射狂犬疫苗;所有病例均未使用抗狂犬病毒血清或抗狂犬免疫球蛋白。结论:加强狂犬病综合防控措施,提高农民对狂犬病危害的认识,提高受伤后及时规范处理伤口、全程足量接种狂犬疫苗、III度伤注射狂犬免疫球蛋白等行为比例,并将狂犬病防治纳入新农村合作医疗报销范围等,是防控狂犬病的重要策略。

Objective：To explore the epidemiological characteristics of rabies so as to provide reference for the prevention and cure of rabies in Shiyan. Methods：Data of case study about rabies in Shiyan from 2008 to 2010 were classified and analyzed. Results： 34 rabies cases were reported from 2008 to 2010,and all the patients died. All of them have dog bite： one of them was scattered inhabiting child;two of them were middle-school students;the rest were rural adult farmers. There were 25 patients with III-degree injury,accounting for 73.5 percent; 31 patients with trauma in the limbs,accounting for 91.2 percent; 3 patients with head and face injury,accounting for 8.8 percent. 2 patients washed and disinfected the wounds in township hospitals,while the rest of them took no treatment to the wounds. Only 2 patient injected rabies vaccine,but neither of them injected anti-rabies serum nor rabies immunoglobulin. Conclusion： The comprehensive measures to prevent and cure rabies should be reinforced; the farmers＇ awareness of the damage of rabies should be raised as well. Moreover,it is essential to increase the proportion of correct treatment such as the wounds should be treated timely and normatively; patients should be inoculated with quantum sufficit rabies vaccine whole course; patients with III-degree injury should inject rabies immunoglobulin. In addition,the prevention and cure of rabies should be applied for reimbursement in New Type of Rural Cooperative Medical Service. Above-mentioned measures are important to prevent and cure rabies.