中国黄牛Y-SNPs遗传多样性与起源研究

Genetic Diversity and Origin Based on Y-SNPs in Chinese Cattle

为了研究中国黄牛Y染色体SNPs的遗传多样性及父系起源,本研究利用PCR-SSCP与测序方法,选择4个牛Y-SNPs位点DDX3Y-7、UTY-19、ZFY-9和ZFY-10,分析了16个中国地方黄牛品种284头公牛与缅甸黄牛4头公牛Y染色体的遗传多样性。结果表明,在中国16个黄牛品种中,仅发现普通牛Y2和瘤牛Y3单倍型,表明只有Y2和Y3两种父系起源,尚未发现中国黄牛存在普通牛Y1单倍型的分子证据。4头缅甸黄牛均为Y3单倍型。在中国16个黄牛品种中,Y2和Y3单倍型频率分别为57.0%和43.0%,其中Y2单倍型频率在北方黄牛中占优势(98.3%),Y3单倍型频率在南方黄牛中占优势(76.1%),中原黄牛中普通牛Y2的单倍型频率较高,为63.8%,瘤牛Y3的单倍型频率为36.2%。本研究证明,中国黄牛存在普通牛Y2和瘤牛Y3单倍型两种父系起源,Y2单倍型频率自北向南逐渐减少,Y3单倍型频率自北向南逐渐增加,中原地区为普通牛Y2和瘤牛Y3单倍型的交汇处。

To determine the genetic diversity of Y-chromosomal SNPs（single nucleotide polymorphisms） and paternal origin of Chinese cattle,284 bull samples from 16 Chinese native cattle breeds and 4 bulls from Burmese cattle were analyzed using PCR-SSCP and sequencing methods based on four Y-SNPs markers of DDX3Y-7,UTY-19,ZFY-9 and ZFY-10.The result showed that 16 Chinese native cattle breeds contained Y2 haplotype（Bos taurus） and Y3（Bos indicus） haplotype,which corresponded to two patrilines Y2 and Y3.However,no Y1（Bos taurus） haplotype was detected in Chinese cattle.Y3（Bos indicus） haplotype was detected in 4 Burmese cattle.Among 16 Chinese cattle breeds,the frequencies of Y2 haplotype and Y3 haplotype were 57.0% and 43.0%,respectively.Y2 haplotype dominated in the northern Chinese cattle group（98.3%）,while Y3 haplotype dominated in the southern Chinese cattle group（76.1%）,Central Chinese cattle group had the higher frequency of Y2 haplotype with 63.8% and the lower frequency of Y3 haplotype with 36.2%.The result indicates that Chinese cattle breeds have two distinct paternal origins of Y2 and Y3 haplotypes.The Y2 haplotype frequency of Chinese cattle decreases from North to South,and Y3 haplotype frequency increases from North to South,so the Central China become a hybrid zone of zebu（Y3） and taurine（Y2） cattle.