激光加工技术在空间光机结构制造中的应用

Application of Laser Processing Technology to Manufacturing Space Opto-mechanical Structures

光机结构是空间遥感器的重要组成部分,其结构特性直接决定了遥感器的成败。大型遥感器光学系统要求光机结构加工精度高、刚度高、稳定性高,随着光机结构尺寸增大,其制造难度也越来越大。本文以某遥感器结构件为研究对象,分析了光学系统对大型光机结构的要求,阐述了现有加工手段的应用情况,讨论了目前光机结构制造过程中存在的周期长、工艺过程复杂、可重复性差、加工成本高等缺点。目前,激光加工技术已经日益成熟,本文从激光快速成型、激光切割、激光焊接、激光修复、激光表面处理等5个方面探讨了激光加工技术在空间遥感器光机结构加工领域应用的可行性。通过分析可知,使用激光加工技术将大大提高光机结构的生产效率,缩短产品研发周期,并有利于保证产品质量和可靠性,同时对改进遥感器光机结构制造工艺和扩大激光加工技术的应用领域具有重要意义。

Optical and mechanical structures including supporting structures and optical elements are important parts of large space remote sensors,their characteristics determine the imaging quality of remote sensors.So,to meet the requirements of optical systems of large space remote sensors,high precision,high stiffness and high stability are needed.At the same time,as the size of optical and mechanical structure is larger,the manufacture difficulty degree is higher.In this paper,the structures of a large space remote sensors were studied.The requirements of the optical system were analyzed,the application of the existent processing means was described,and the shortcomings in the manufacturing process,such as long period,complex process,poor reproducibility and high cost were discussed.At present,laser processing technology has become increasingly mature.Laser rapid prototyping,laser cutting,laser welding,laser repairing and laser surface treatment were described in this paper to discuss the application feasibility in the manufacturing of optical and mechanical structures.The results showed that it could improve production efficiency,reduce development period and assure quality and reliability,and it was important to make the manufacturing process of the optical and mechanical structures in space remote sensors better and expended the application field of laser processing technology.