明清“作诗免罪”母题与诗歌艺术的生产消费

The Motif of "Making poems to Absolution" in Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Art of Poetry in the Production and Consumption

明清民俗故事常叙述犯人即时作诗,获官员同情宽纵,或因作诗而免受灾祸,带来幸运。母题体现了传统"人治"社会法律与执法的特点,犯法者因能诗而提高了个体品位。诗歌消费过程,离不开生产主体与消费主体共同置身的特殊情境。明清叙述较多变成下层男女过失"犯罪",以具有贵族般才华作诗得蒙宽宥,诗作要按命题要求,具有"双关"性,往往有适度的自辩自嘲和诙谐意味。作诗免罪母题体现了"尊重人才"的意趣、朴素人道主义与人际和谐理想,显示了文人阶层的文化心理向社会运作机制、普通民众舆论的渗透。

During the Ming and Qing dynasties,folk stories often described the prisoner making poems impromptu,which won the sympathy from the officials.Also making poems could be free from disasters and bring good luck.This motif reflects the traditional characteristics—＂ruled by man＂ social law and enforcement.Due to the good poems,the lawbreakers could improve their individual quality.Poetry consumption process can not leave the special situations,which including both production subject and the consumption subject.In Ming and Qing dynasties,the narrations are more involved with the negligence ＂crime＂ of the lower classes.They are forgiven by making talent poems with the nobility.The poems are according to the proposition requirements,with ＂a double meaning＂,often have moderate laugh at themselves and humorous meanings.＂Making poems to absolution＂ embodies the interest of ＂respecting the talent,＂ the ideals of humanitarian and interpersonal harmony.It shows that the penetration of the social operation mechanism and the general public opinions.