环洞庭湖双季稻区农药减量使用效果研究

Effects of Pesticide Reduction Program on Double-Cropping Rice Area of Dongting Lake

在2007~2009年新药剂筛选试验基础上,2010年根据洞庭湖区双季稻病虫害的发生规律合理组合农药,通过构建双季稻田农药精准减量技术体系,以期有效控制水稻病虫害,并达到区内农药有效成分用量降低40%以上的目标。试验表明,减量施药处理对早、晚稻螟虫（二化螟、稻纵卷叶螟）、稻飞虱及纹枯病的防治效果大多高于常规施药处理,而对蜘蛛、黑肩绿盲蝽与隐翅虫等主要捕食性天敌种群动态的影响小于常规施药处理。前者农药用量比后者减少70.90%~79.08%,增产0.12~0.20 t/hm2,增效90.0~291.0元/hm2。应用该技术体系有利于减轻农药残留、保护农业环境及天敌资源。

On the basis of screening experiments for novel pesticides during 2007~2009 and the occurrence of insect pests and diseases in double-cropping rice of Dongting lake area,the pesticide precise reduction system（PPRS） was constructed to effectively control main diseases and insect pests of rice,and to achieve 40% of pesticide usage reduction of active components（PURAC） in 2010.The results showed that the prevented and controlled effects of pesticide reduction techniques（PRT） on rice stem borer including striped stem borer and rice leafroller,rice planthopper and sheath blight of early and late rice were higher than those of normal techniques（NT）,while the effect of PRT on main predatory natural enemies,such as spiders,black shoulder bag and paederus,was lower than that of NT.The range of PURAC,rice yield and economic benefit increase was 70.90%~79.08%,0.12~0.20 t/hm2 and 90.0~291.0 Yuan/hm2,respectively,compared with NT.Application of PPRS was advantageous to reduce pesticide residue,protect agricultural environment and the resources of nature enemies.