程朱学脉中朱子的自我身份认同

Zhu Xi's View about his Status in Cheng-Zhu School

朱子为二程三传弟子,这是历史的事实,但朱子晚年建构道统谱系时以二程"私淑"自处。回顾朱子早年求索的历程,可以了解"私淑"二字背后所隐藏的深意:朱子最早受学于韦斋和三先生,但他们含混儒释疆域的学风在延平那里被否定,以朱子后来对儒释之辩的敏感,自不能承认由韦斋及三先生可以上通二程之真精神;延平虽严辨儒释之分,但工夫入路偏于主静,推而至极亦会流入禅学,当然也不能说传二程之真血脉;朱子强探力索,出入佛老、师友之间,先辨明儒释疆域,又通过对延平之学和湖湘之学的反思,才最终接上了二程的传统。

It is a historical fact that Zhu Xi was the third generation pupil of Cheng brothers,but in his later years,Zhu Xi thought he was their informal pupil.Looked back on his early learning and thinking process,the reason why Zhu Xi regarded himself as the informal pupil can be found： His earliest teachers were his father Zhu Song（Wei Zhai） and other three people,but they didn＇t pay much attention to the difference between Confucianism and Buddhism.Zhu Xi believed that this difference was important,so he thought they couldn＇t propagate the true doctrine of Cheng brothers.As an important teacher of Zhu Xi,Yan Ping advocated that people should carry on moral cultivation in a tranquil mind.But if this method was used in the extreme,people may accept the Zen thought too,so he also couldn＇t propagate the true doctrine of Cheng brothers.Based on the summary and reflection,Zhu Xi himself criticized these different incorrect views,and found the true meaning of Cheng brothers＇theory.