重金属低积累玉米品种的稳定性和环境适应性分析

The Analysis of Stability and Adaptability on Low Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Various Cultivars of Zea Mays

选择当地大面积推广的5个玉米品种:正红311(1)、成单30(2)、川单428(3)、隆单8(4)和川单418(5),种植于四川射洪县玉米示范区的7个试点,通过AMMI模型研究品种和环境交互效应对玉米籽粒积累重金属能力的影响,旨在获得对重金属吸收具有低积累性和环境适应性较好的玉米品种。结果表明,Cu的品种效应(SS,平方和)占总效应的77.6%,玉米籽粒低积累Cu的性状有很高的重现性;而As、Hg、Pb、Zn、Cr5种重金属元素品种与环境交互效应同品种、环境效应比较占主导作用,分别为63.4%、74.3%、50.3%、69.2%和57.5%。通过双标图分析,比较了不同玉米品种籽粒富集重金属能力的大小和稳定顺序。AMMI模型为研究品种×地点交互效应对作物积累重金属能力的影响和评价品种稳定性提供了较好的分析方法,对于低重金属积累品种的准确筛选和成功应用具有重要意义。

Five widely planted locally maize cultivars（No1：Zhenghong 311; No2：Chengdan 30; No3：Chuandan 428; No4：Longdan 8; No5：Chuandan 418）, as experimental materials, were planted in seven experimental sites in Shehong County in Sichuan Province, and AMMI Model and biplot pattern were used to evaluate how interaction of breed and environment affect Corn kernels′ ability to accumulate heavy metals. Results from analysis through AMMI Model showed that as far as Corn kernels′ ability to accumulate Cu be concerned, the contributions from breed, interaction of breed and environment and environment were 77.6%, 18.3% and 3.9% respectively; as for Corn kernels′ ability to accumulate Cr, As and Pb, the contributions from breed were respectively 37.5%, 23.2% and 31.8%, the contributions from interaction of breed and environment were 57.5%, 63.4% and 50.3% respectively, the contributions from environment were 5%,13.4% and 17.9% respectively; for Hg and Zn, the contributions from environment were 16.8% and 19.2% respectively, and the contributions from interaction of breed and environment were 74.3% and 69.2% respectively. The results from analysis through bioplot pattern showed that as for the stability for Corn kernels accumulating As, No2No3No1No4No5; as for Corn kernels′ ability to accumulate As, No5No3No1No4No2. As for the stability of Corn kernels accumulating Hg, No5No3No2No1No4; as for Corn kernels′ ability to accumulate Hg, No4No2No5No3No1. As for the stability of Corn kernels accumulating Cu, No5No1No4No2No3; as for Corn kernels′ ability to accumulate Cu, No3No1No4 No2≈No5. As for the stability of Corn kernels accumulating Pb, No2No5No4No3No1; as for Corn kernels′ ability to accumulate Pb, No2No1≈No5No3No4. The stability of Corn kernels accumulating Cr and Zn, and Corn kernels′ ability to accumulate Cr and Zn were not analyzed due to their effects not reaching significant level. This study was helpful for properly choosing maize cultivars so as to keep the heavy metals content at the safe level according to the impacts of breed, interact of breed and environment and environment on Corn kernels′ accumulating heavy metals. At the same time, it was feasible that the AMMI Model is used to evaluate impacts of different factors on Corn kernels′ accumulating heavy metals.