对越汉语词汇教学中的“陷阱”

"Traps" in the Chinese Vocabulary-teaching to Vietnamese Students

本文把《汉越词词典》中的7810个双音节汉越词进行＂汉化＂后,发现其中有445个汉越词与其相对应的汉语词在词义方面完全不同。其中汉越词与汉语词词性保持一致的占70.1%,词性发生变化的占29.9%。同时还发现2049个在汉语中找不到对应形式的汉越词,这类汉越词可归纳成几种主要类型：汉越词是汉语词的＂缩写＂形式,汉越词是汉语词的＂替换＂形式,汉越词是汉语词的＂倒序＂形式,汉越词是汉语语素组合的结果。这种现象给汉语词汇教学与学习造成一定的困难。掌握了汉越词与汉语词之间的关系,教师能更好地提高词汇教学质量,帮助学生提高记忆并避免错用、误用、硬套、类推等错误。

The paper traces the Chinese origins of 7,810 Sino-Vietnamese disyllabic words in ＂Sino-Vietnamese Dictionary of Words＂,and finds that 445 words are completely different in meaning from their Chinese equivalents,in other words,70.1% of such words have the original Chinese meanings while 2,049 Sino-Vietnamese disyllabic words have no Chinese equivalents.These words fall into the following types,abbreviation,replacement,inversion or morpheme-combination,which lead to teaching and learning problems.A better understanding of their relations can improve the Chinese vocabulary-teaching quality and avoid more errors in the learning process.